One of the important events that occurred in the month of Muharram was the Battle of Karbala.
Hussain (R.A) and his companions’ courage against oppression have become an example for Muslims who experience oppression to take a step toward fighting against any form of oppression.
The battle of Karbala took place on 10 Muharram 61 AH (9/10 October 680 CE) at Karbala, precisely near the Euphrates River, or the area now known as Iraq.
This battle took place between a small entourage consisting of the family and companions of Hussain ibn Ali (R.A), the grandson of the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and son of the fourth caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A) against the military troops sent by Yazid ibn Muawiyah, the Umayyad Caliph at that time.
Since the martyrdom of Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A), the Muslims in Kufa pledged allegiance to Hasan ibn Ali (RA) as successor to his father’s Caliphate.
However, Muawiyah from the Umayyads felt he was more worthy of being a leader than Hasan and had ambitions to seize that power.
Hasan (R.A), who was a peacemaker, relented by handing over his power to Muawiyah through a peace treaty.
The terms of the Hasan-Muawiyah treaty were that Hasan would become caliph after Muawiyah. If anything happens to Hasan, then the leadership will be taken over by Hasan’s little brother, Hussain (R.A).
But Muawiyah breaches the treaty. When Hasan (R.A) died being poisoned, Muawiyah handed over his leadership to his own son, Yazid ibn Muawiyah, and not to Husayn.
When Yazid rose to power, he sent the governor of Madina, Walid ibn Utba ibn Abu Sufyan to secure allegiance from Hussain Ibn Ali (R.A). However, Hussain (R.A) refused to pledge allegiance, then moved to Makkah with his family.
While in Makkah, Hussain (R.A) received many letters from the people of Kufa asking him to go to Kufa. The people of Kufa, who were dissatisfied with Yazid’s leadership, asked Husayn to come to Kufa and promise to pledge allegiance to him.
Hussain (R.A) finally sent Muslim bin Aqil (R.A) to find out the state of Kufa. When he got there, the Muslim wrote a letter to Hussain (R.A) telling him that the people of Kufa were ready to welcome him.
Yazid heard the presence of Muslim ibn Aqil (R.A) in Kufa, and he then ordered someone to kill him. He also changed the governor of Kufa, from Numan ibn Bisyr to Ubaidillah ibn Ziyad.
Without knowing about the changing condition in Kufa, Hussain (RA) still left for Kufa. Imam Hussain (R.A) and his companions consisting of 128 people departed from Medina to Kufa on 8 Dhul al-Hijjah 60 AH (9 September 680 CE). It was only when on the road that he received the news of the death of Muslim ibn Aqil (R.A), but he still decided to continue his journey to Kufa.
Hussain (R.A) and his companions arrived in Kufa on 2 Muharram 61AH (2 October 680). The next day, the Kufa army of 4000 men led by Umar ibn Sa’d approached Husayn’s entourage.
Ibn Saad’s army prevented Hussain (R.A) and his companions from accessing the Euphrates River. Hussain (R.A) and his entourage stayed in their camp thirsty without water.
On the third day without water, a group of 50 men led by his half-brother Abbas Ibn Ali (RA) managed to draw water from the river even though they could only fill 20 water skins.
Eventually, when Abbas ibn Ali (R.A) went to the river to get water for the children at Hussain’s camp, he was surrounded by hundreds of soldiers who tried to prevent him from taking water.
He was pulled down from his horse, and the soldiers who attacked cut both of his arms off, leaving his teeth to carry water bags.
He kept running to deliver the water even though stones and arrows rained down on him from all sides until an arrow hit the water bags he was carrying. He started to lose hope at that moment until a man hit him on the head until fell to the ground. Hussain (R.A) immediately came to him. Abbas (R.A) then died on Husayn’s lap.
After the morning prayer on the 10th of Muharram, Hussain (R.A)’s side consisted of 72 people: 32 horsemen and 40 footmen bravely fought the armed forces led by Umar bin Sa’d, numbering 4,000-10,000 people.
Before the battle, Hussain (R.A) delivered a speech, reminding the Umayyad soldiers to return to the path of Allah SWT, which resulted in Hurr ibn Yazid and several others turning to defend Hussain (R.A).
This battle of Karbala lasted until the evening. Even though Hussain (RA)’s army steadfastly fought ibn S’add’s army, they were still outnumbered. As many as 70 of Hussain (RA)’s side died lying weak on the ground, while Hussain (RA), who had been seriously injured, continued to fight ibn Sad’s troops until he died because a poisoned arrow hit him.
The battle of Kerbala ended with the victory obtained by ibn Saad’s troops.
Of the troops who fell from the Umaayah side 88 people. On the other hand, Hussain (R.A) and his companions were beheaded and taken to Damascus.
After the surviving soldiers left the battlefield, the locals buried the headless bodies of Hussain (R.A) and his companions there.
Both Shia and Sunni Muslims consider this site as one of the sacred sites because it reminds them of the courage and fortitude of Hussain (R.A) and his companions.
Hussain (R.A)’s belongings were looted, and the women left behind by Hussain (R.A)’s companions were imprisoned and presented in front of Yazid, later sent back to Medina.
Hussain (R.A)’s death had the opposite effect on what Yazid may have thought before. Hussain (R.A)’s death during the Karbala incident sparked hatred and resistance to Yazid’s rule and the Ummays in general.
To this day, the death of Hussain (RA) and his companions are commemorated by Sunni and Shia Muslims on the 10th of Muharram every year on the Islamic calendar, which peaks on the tenth day, commonly known as Ashura Day.
The Muslim community even holds the Ashura event, which is held every year on the 9th to 10th of Muharram to relive the incident of Karbala.
Hussain (R.A)’s death became the center of Shia belief and has a special place for Sunni beliefs. both saw Hussain (R.A.) as someone who fought against oppression. Hussain (R.A.) became a person whom they greatly admired for his courage, sacrifice, and fortitude.
72 names of martyrs who died at the battle of Karbala along with Husayn ibn Ali to fight against oppression.
The following is a list of the names of the martyrs who died from Husayn’s entourage in the Battle of Karbala that we managed to collect from several reliable sources:
Muslim Ibn Aqil (RA)
Umme Rabab (Ali Asghar’s Mother)
Umme Farwah (Wife of Hasan Ibn Ali [RA])
Ummul Baneen (Mother of Abbas [RA])
Umme Kulthoom (Hussain [RA]’s youngest sister)
Fatima Kubra
Fatima Sughra (Elder daughter of Hussain [RA])
Sakina (Daughter of Hussain [RA])
Bibi Zainab (Hussain [RA]’s elder sister)
Perceived victory obtained by Yazid ibn Muawiyah along with ibn Saad’s troops after mercilessly martyring Hussain Ibn Ali (R.A), grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
This post was last modified on July 12, 2024 8:53 pm
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25-7-2023/7-1-1445-Tuesday at 11:16am
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